Using a Common item non equivalent groups design to equate standards on overlapping grades of a GCSE

Modelling relative subject difficulty using the Rasch modelRobert Coe

The Cambridge ESOL Common Scale and its use as a template for language proficiency testing Neil Jones

Equating Key Stage TestsMalcolm Hayes

Using expert judgment tolink mark scales on differenttiers of a GCSE Englishexamination: a rankorderingmethodBeth Black and Tom Bramley