Using a Common item non equivalent groups design to equate standards on overlapping grades of a GCSE

The Cambridge ESOL Common Scale and its use as a template for language proficiency testing Neil Jones

Rasch analysis as a tool to validate an Attitudes Towards Science MeasurePer Kind and Patrick Barmby

Modelling relative subject difficulty using the Rasch modelRobert Coe

Using expert judgment tolink mark scales on differenttiers of a GCSE Englishexamination: a rankorderingmethodBeth Black and Tom Bramley